Hitler's greatest mistake Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Hitler's greatest mistake - Research Paper Example Hitler was very much overconfident about invading Russia. The troop was not provided with winter clothing or equipments. More than half of Germen troops were frozen to death. The invasion was started on three fronts, in the south towards the Ukraine, in the north towards Leningrad, and centre towards Moscow. The moves were initially considered as successful advances. Within few days the Luftwaffe achieved air supremacy. German troops started encircling Russian defenders. Nazi legions soon conquered 1200 tanks and 600 big guns. They also gained more than 150,000 prisoners. Hitler attempted to control Russia to a great extent. Their crucial aim was to gain control over Leningrad-Moscow-Volga line. Germany’s three-pronged invasion was intended for seizing production areas in Ukraine and the Donetz basin. Germany’s plans were to acquire mineral deposits, oil and grain. They attempted to capture the Black and Baltic seas. Russian citizens were encouraged to accept the ‘scorched policy’. They were instructed that if they were forced to evacuate from their place they should not leave anything behind. They should evacuate fully. Germans at the same time started feeling trouble as weather was becoming disadvantageous for them. Russian partisan groups were gaining strength as they began imposing big tolls on supply convoys. Germans gained control over Riga, Smolensk and Kiev. They invaded Stalingrad to acquire the oilfields of Cacasus in August 1942.

Civil and Criminal Actions Essay Example for Free

Civil and Criminal Actions Essay Civil and criminal actions involve important aspects of the justice system, but the way in which each action is dealt with is different. In the early phases of the development of the laws, civil and criminal actions were dealt with in the same manner. Over time, law makers have developed differences in these two actions. The differences between them can be made by who prosecutes the cases, the details of the cases, and the outcomes sought in the cases. Civil actions involve differences between people where a person feels that another person’s actions caused him harm. According to Simmons (2008), most of the tort (civil) law is governed by a negligence standard. The object of civil actions is to address the harmful actions committed against a plaintiff by enforcing compensation from the defendant. The goal of civil actions is for the defendant to compensate and pay damages the plaintiff feels was incurred on him. Civil law cases can be brought before the state courts or the federal courts. (Simmons, 2008) In civil actions, the plaintiff usually files the case with the court. The attorneys for both parties will present their arguments to the court as to why they believe that the plaintiff or defendant should win in the case. The burden of proof comes from the plaintiff and the defendant must be able to disprove the evidence by the plaintiff. In civil cases, a vote of only 9 of 12 jurors is needed for a defendant to be found guilty. If the defendant is found guilty, the judge then determines the amount of damage or punitive damage cost that the defendant must pay to the plaintiff. (Simmons, 2008) Criminal actions do not require harm as a prerequisite. Criminal actions involve the breaking of laws and criminal offenses. The object of criminal actions is to address the crime that was committed by the defendant. The goal of criminal actions is to determine the guilt or innocence of the defendant and to punish him if he is found guilty of the crime. Criminal cases can be brought before local, state, or federal courts. (Criminal Cases, 2013) In criminal cases, the government brings charges against the defendant. The defendant who is charged with the crime is given a formal charge called and indictment or a charge called an information. The charges are usually presented at the arraignment. A preliminary hearing is then held with the judge to determine if there is enough evidence to prosecute the defendant. After the preliminary hearing, a defendant who has been charged with a felony may go before a grand jury. The grand jury determines if the defendant should be charged with the crime. The jury trial then proceeds where a prosecutor or United States attorney will prosecute the case and the defendant will have an attorney to represent him. (Criminal Cases, 2013) In criminal cases, the burden of proof lies with the prosecutor. The prosecutor must prove that the defendant is guilty beyond a reasonable doubt. After all arguments are presented to the jury, the jury will deliberate and determine if the defendant is guilty or innocent. A unanimous verdict is required in criminal cases for the verdict from the jury. If the defendant is found to be innocent, then he is released. If the defendant is found to be guilty, the judge will set a date for a sentencing. Sentencing in criminal cases is jail time and/or fines. (Criminal Cases, 2013) An example of a case that involves criminal actions and civil actions is if Brian intentionally hits Robert with his car. Brian and Robert have an argument because Robert is having an affair with Brian’s wife. Brian then gets into his car and hits Robert with the car. Robert is taken to the hospital with injuries and dies. Brian committed a crime or actus reus. Brian’s actions also included mens rea. Brian had a specific intent of causing harm to Robert and he purposely hit Robert with his car. (Lippman, 2007) According to Georgia law, Brian can be charged with murder in this case. The classification of the murder would be a felony. A felony is described as a crime that carries a punishment of imprisonment of more than one year. Brian will be charged with first degree murder in criminal court. First degree murder is when a person deliberately kills another person. Brian’s crime is mala in se meaning that the crime was dangerous for human life. Brian’s crime resulted in the death of Robert. (Georgia Code, 2013) After Brian is tried on criminal charges in the murder of Robert, Robert’s family can bring a civil case against Brian because of the harm that he did to Robert. Brian is a wealthy doctor so Robert’s family can sue for compensation to be paid to them for Robert’s death. The civil case can be filed and handled in federal court.

Education Reinforces the Race Disparity in Adventures of Huckleberry Fi

â€Å"Education is a dependent, inter-acting unit of the whole culture. Indeed, it lies at the heart of the culture, and necessarily reflects the contending values which there prevail,† writes Doxey A. Wilkerson, the associate professor of education at the Yeshiva University of New York, in the foreword for Carter Woodson’s The Education of the Negro Prior to 1861. Education, as posited by Wilkerson, represents a cultural construct, liable to change as people change, rather than a historical absolute, constant over time. The community determines the value, and the accessibility of this institution of knowledge. The communities created in Mark Twain’s Adventures of Huckleberry Finn and Langston Hughes’ Not Without Laughter also establish the importance of education. Huckleberry Finn, the white male adolescent protagonist of Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, and Sandy Rogers, the black male adolescent protagonist of Not Without Laughter, both question the necessity of formal education. However, in the end, Huck, advantaged because he is a white male, successfully abandons, unequivocally, all constraints of society, including education, while Sandy turns to formal education, attempting to use it as an equalizer against racial discrimination. The novels, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn and Not Without Laughter, reinforce the racial disparity between whites and blacks by creating communities that undermine the value of education, and determine each race’s ability to succeed without formal education. In each of the novels, the communities established by Twain and Hughes, define the characteristics prevalent in their societies. Huck Finn’s river community, for example, encompasses the aristocracy, the poor whites, the pseudo-intellectuals, an... ... and accessibility of this institution of knowledge through their status as prescribers and models for their society. The black race, on the other hand, requires extensive formal education to succeed in a world ruled by the white race. Huck Finn and Sandy Rogers embody the aspirations and beliefs of the race they identify with and compound the racial tensions through their experiences. Works Cited Hughes, Langston. Not Without Laughter. Mineola, NY: Dover Publications, 2007. Print. Pollak, Louis H. "Race, Law & History: the Supreme Court from "Dred Scott" to "Grutter v. Bollinger"" Daedalus 134.1 (2005): 35-41. Print. Twain, Mark. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. New York, N.Y.: Barnes & Noble, 2003. Print. Wilkerson, Doxey A. Foreword. The Education of the Negro Prior to 1861. By Carter Godwin Woodson. New York, NY: Arno, 1968. Not Numbered. Print.

The Roman Empire Essay -- History Rome Historical Essays

The Roman Empire In 27 BC, Augustus became the first emperor of Rome, thus creating a strong leader figure, which could shape and mold the Republic system into what was best for the empire or themselves. During the reign of the emperors, the political policies for Rome would vary according to, which emperor was in power. Not only were politics shaky, but also there never was a clear-cut method of succession for the man who controlled those politics. Rome had created the position of emperor in hopes that men like Augustus would continue to lead her into prosperity, however the office of emperor struggled in attempting to find great men to lead Rome. The office never truly evolved into something greater than when it had been created, but rather the office varied according to the personality of the man in the position. Augustus created the office of emperor with the Augustan Principate, which was â€Å"to have no institutionalized authoritarian power, no perpetual dictatorship such as Julius Caesar had had himself voted early in 44, or anything like it (Stockton, 124).† Despite his wishes the people of Rome ended up giving Augustus eternal office, and powers to control the Senate with the rights to dictate agendas and veto (Stockton, 128). The people of Rome had created a position of absolute power, the exact thing Augustus was attempting to prevent. At the time the people of Rome could not have realized what they were creating in the office of emperor, for Augustus was a great man whose leadership created a great shadow over the shoulder of any future emperor. Augustus would be followed by the Julio-Claudian dynasty, which reigned over the beginnings of Imperial Rome. The succession of Augustus demonstrated the diffi... ...ed in times of good fortunes, and expansion. While during times of instability the artistic ingenuity would stagnate. Finally at the end of the empire, the art quality would decrease as the empire was deteriorating. This deterioration in art quality would continue for decades until the Renaissance would bring back an art quality on the level of that of ancient Rome under the Antonines. The type of art being created could be used as a very good indicator of what the political scene in Rome looked like at the time. Works Cited 1. Stockton, David. â€Å"The founding of the Empire.† Oxford Illustrated History. Oxford U. Press, 1988. pp. 121-149 2. Purcell, Nicholas. â€Å"The Arts of Government.† Oxford Illustrated History. Oxford U. Press, 1988. pp. 150-181 3. Wilson, R.J.A. â€Å"Roman Art and Architecture.† Oxford Illustrated History. Oxford U. Press, 1988. pp. 361-399 The Roman Empire Essay -- History Rome Historical Essays The Roman Empire In 27 BC, Augustus became the first emperor of Rome, thus creating a strong leader figure, which could shape and mold the Republic system into what was best for the empire or themselves. During the reign of the emperors, the political policies for Rome would vary according to, which emperor was in power. Not only were politics shaky, but also there never was a clear-cut method of succession for the man who controlled those politics. Rome had created the position of emperor in hopes that men like Augustus would continue to lead her into prosperity, however the office of emperor struggled in attempting to find great men to lead Rome. The office never truly evolved into something greater than when it had been created, but rather the office varied according to the personality of the man in the position. Augustus created the office of emperor with the Augustan Principate, which was â€Å"to have no institutionalized authoritarian power, no perpetual dictatorship such as Julius Caesar had had himself voted early in 44, or anything like it (Stockton, 124).† Despite his wishes the people of Rome ended up giving Augustus eternal office, and powers to control the Senate with the rights to dictate agendas and veto (Stockton, 128). The people of Rome had created a position of absolute power, the exact thing Augustus was attempting to prevent. At the time the people of Rome could not have realized what they were creating in the office of emperor, for Augustus was a great man whose leadership created a great shadow over the shoulder of any future emperor. Augustus would be followed by the Julio-Claudian dynasty, which reigned over the beginnings of Imperial Rome. The succession of Augustus demonstrated the diffi... ...ed in times of good fortunes, and expansion. While during times of instability the artistic ingenuity would stagnate. Finally at the end of the empire, the art quality would decrease as the empire was deteriorating. This deterioration in art quality would continue for decades until the Renaissance would bring back an art quality on the level of that of ancient Rome under the Antonines. The type of art being created could be used as a very good indicator of what the political scene in Rome looked like at the time. Works Cited 1. Stockton, David. â€Å"The founding of the Empire.† Oxford Illustrated History. Oxford U. Press, 1988. pp. 121-149 2. Purcell, Nicholas. â€Å"The Arts of Government.† Oxford Illustrated History. Oxford U. Press, 1988. pp. 150-181 3. Wilson, R.J.A. â€Å"Roman Art and Architecture.† Oxford Illustrated History. Oxford U. Press, 1988. pp. 361-399

Cognitive Approach Essay

Abstract: There are pros and cons to everything in life. Because I just started my education program, I was interested in researching the positive and negatives effects of an inclusion classroom. I wondered, what exactly were the positive effects this type of setting had on its special education population? I have always felt, in my opinion, that inclusion classrooms are helpful in numerous ways, but now it was time to see if research agreed. History and Background: In the past special education students were separated from general education students. â€Å"At the federal level, the recent No Child Left Behind Act (2001) and the current and previous versions of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (1997, 2004) require access to the general education curriculum for students with disabilities† (Berry, 2006, p.490). Methodology: An inclusion classroom, also known as a CTT or Collaborative Team Teaching classroom, is a classroom that has both a general education population, as well as special education population, combined together. This special education population consists of children with mild to moderate disabilities, including physical, emotional, and learning. According to Berry (2006) â€Å"inclusion may be defined as 100% placement in age-appropriate general education or as a range of learning opportunities both within and outside the general education classroom† (p.490). A teacher can evaluate different perceptions based on how the students communicate with each other. Results: Berry (2006) found that students with disabilities often have difficulty not only academically, but socially. Placing these students in an inclusion classroom, as opposed to the smaller setting of years ago, helps students to benefit enormously. Depriving disabled children from participating in an inclusive classroom setting, â€Å"may underestimate the extent to which these students might benefit from social interactions and, at the most, deprive them of critical opportunities for learning and participation that can lead to autonomy and empowerment in classroom interactions† (Berry, 2006, p.492). Discussion: Inclusion classrooms have two teachers, one that specialized in special education, while the other focuses on general education. While the classroom functions as any other classroom would, incorporating whole, group, and individualized instruction, the smaller classroom setting and extra adults in the room to be quite helpful in helping those students who were struggling. The teachers make sure to use varied teaching techniques  and made sure to accommodate many different learning styles in their lessons. Howard Gardner, an educational theorist, believed in the idea of â€Å"multiple intelligences.† Gardner believed every child learned differently. According to Berry (2006) it is important for the teachers to learn how their students learn best in order for them to achieve their fullest potential. The teacher also observes how students interact with one another. Bias/Limitations: It has said that inclusion classrooms can hold back a general education student from progressing at a steady pace; when students were paired with other struggling students. I also found the combination of students of all different academic levels to play a positive role. While the â€Å"higher† student helped the â€Å"weaker† student academically, both learned social skills. Conclusion: Berry also discusses how language is a useful tool in an inclusion classroom. Berry discusses how reciprocal teaching is often used in these types of classrooms. Reciprocal teaching is a strategy in which the teacher uses â€Å"talk† to make her ideas clear. This â€Å"talk† is often focused around comprehension skills such as predicting, questioning, summarizing and clarifying (Berry, 2006). Why article was selected: The education system has come a long way since before the No Child Left Behind Act. In the past, any child with â€Å"special needs† was placed on the fourth floor of the building, out of sight. When the general education students saw any of the children with special needs, it was only at lunch, and they were easily identified because they were kept in small groups away from the other children. Today, inclusion has made it possible for many of children to interact and learn in the same environment as their peers. They are being treated as equals, rather than being hidden away in a corner. Reference: Berry, R. (2006). Inclusion, power and community: Teachers and students interpret the language of community in an inclusion classroom. American Educational Research Journal 43(3).

About the Perseid Meteor Shower

About the Perseid Meteor Shower The Perseid meteor shower is one of the best-known showers in the year. Its one of the great astronomy events of Northern Hemisphere summer and Southern Hemisphere winter. It begins in late July and extends halfway through August, peaking around August 11 or 12th. When conditions are good, you might be able to see dozens of meteors per hour. It all really depends on the weather and what part of the meteor stream Earth moves through each year. Also, the viewing is best when theres no interference from the Moon, although you can still see the brighter meteors as they flash through the sky.   This year (2017) the peak of the shower occurs not long after full moon, so its light will wash out the view of the dimmer meteors. You will likely see a few bright meteors during this time, but dont buy into the hype about the best, the brightest shower.   Its hype and probably clickbait. Do your viewing armed with reasonable expectations and you will be rewarded (unless its cloudy).   What Causes the Perseids? The Perseid meteor shower is really material left behind by Comet Swift-Tuttle. It passes through our part of the solar system every 133 years. As it travels, this icy dirtball leaves behind tiny grains of ice, dust, rock, and other debris, similar to a messy tourist scattering debris from an automobile. As Earth makes its trip around the Sun, it passes through this debris field with some spectacular results, which we know as the Perseids. As Earth moves through the stream - which can stretch across 14 million to 120 million kilometers of interplanetary space -   its gravity interacts with the particles and spreads the stream out. As the comet passes by, it releases new bursts of particles, constantly refreshing the supply of material that will eventually collide with Earths atmosphere. The stream changes constantly, and this affects future Perseid meteor shower events. Sometimes Earth passes through rather thick areas of the stream, and that results in a heavy meteor shower. Other times, it traverses a thin part of the stream, and we dont see quite so many meteors.   Although there are many meteor showers annually, such as the Leonids, Lyrids, and Geminids, to name a few, the Perseid shower is the most reliable, and can be very spectacular if conditions are right. How it looks depends on several factors - ranging from whether the Moon is nearby (and bright enough to wash out the view) - to what part of the stream Earth encounters. The stream is not uniformly thick with particles, so some years the supply of materials might be less than others. In any given year, observers see anywhere from 50 to 150 meteors an hour on average, increasing at times to around 400 to 1,000 per hour.   The Perseid meteor shower, like other meteor showers, is named after the constellation from which it appears to radiate:  Perseus  (named after a Greek mythological hero)  which is located near Cassiopeia, the Queen. This is also called the radiant, since that is the direction the meteors seem to travel from as they streak across the sky. How Do I View the Perseid Meteor Shower? Meteor showers are easier to view than many other astronomical objects or events. All you need is a fairly dark location and a blanket or lawn chair. Always make sure you have a jacket handy, even if you live in a warm weather climate. Viewing late at night and early in the morning can expose you to some chilly temperatures. It may be useful to have a star chart  to help you locate Perseus, and other constellations while you’re watching, but it’s not a necessity. The shower is active from mid-July each year  when Earth enters the outer edges of the Swift-Tuttle stream.  The best viewing time varies but is often between 2:00 and 4:00 a.m. around the 12th of August. The actual peak time ranges from the 9th to the 14th and then tapers off after that. For August 2017, the best viewing time is after midnight early in the morning of August 12th. There will be some interference from the Moon, which will be just past full. But, you should still be able to see the brightest ones. Also, start watching a few nights before and continue a few nights after; Perseids happen for nearly three weeks. Find a good, safe viewing area where you can get a clear view of the sky. Arrive early to set up, and  give yourself time to adjust your eyes to the darkness. Then, just sit (or lie) back, relax, and enjoy the show. Most of the meteors will appear to radiate from the constellation Perseus, and streak across the sky. As you gaze, make note of the colors of the meteors as they streak through the sky. If you see bolides (larger streaks), note how long they take to traverse the sky  and notice their colors, too. The Perseids can be a very rewarding observing experience for anybody - from younger children to experienced stargazers.   Edited and expanded by Carolyn Collins Petersen.

Compare and Contrast Modern Conservatism and Modern Liberalism Essay Example

Compare and Contrast Modern Conservatism and Modern Liberalism Essay Example Compare and Contrast Modern Conservatism and Modern Liberalism Paper Compare and Contrast Modern Conservatism and Modern Liberalism Paper Essay Topic: Op Ed Compare and Contrast Modern Conservatism and Modern Liberalism Modern liberalism and modern conservatism are both extremely centrist ideologies, â€Å"In fact, US conservatism comes out of classical liberalism so the modern versions of both ideologies share deep philosophical roots† (Guide, pg. 1). These roots date back to the 17th century, extending into the early 20th century. To fully understand American politics, it is a key to understand the dominant ideologies. It is also crucial to analyze the differences and similarities between these two ideologies. This paper will first examine the origins and tenants of classical liberalism, an ideology in which both modern liberalism and modern conservatism evolved. It will later discuss the major principles and tenants governing both ideologies. Finally, it will analyze and contrast modern day conservatism and liberalism according the current environment of the present day. Understanding classical liberalism is essential to fully comprehend the ideals of modern liberalism and modern conservatism. Classical liberalism evolved from opposition to â€Å"divine rights of Kings† (PowerPoints, Classical Liberalism, pg. ). One of the core principles in the presumption in favor of liberty is the â€Å"Fundamental Liberal Principal† (Guide, pg. 3). This principal states that freedom is a basic right and that laws must be justified so as not to limit the freedom of citizens. To provide a modern day example of this, the Los Angeles Times recently published an article about an intoxicated m an whose racist online post about Barack Obama in 2008 urged violence. A core decision by the U. S. 9th Circuit Court of Appeals overturned the man’s conviction. He was initially found guilty two years ago but in the later ruling his blog was considered his right to free speech and not considered a legitimate threat to Barack Obama’s security. In this case, the law protected the rights of an individual over the security of a presidential candidate. In the past, liberals disagreed about the basic concept of liberty in terms of the role of government. There were two types of liberty, negative and positive. Negative liberty defines the role of government as ensuring that individuals do not obstruct another individual’s freedom without significant justification. Therefore, it is important that we restrict government institutions from gaining too much control over individual freedom, â€Å"We must restrain institutions that may endanger liberty† (PowerPoints, Classical Liberalism, pg. 4). Conversely, positive freedom is when a person acts with one’s own convictions to pursue their own objectives, â€Å"a person is free only if she is self-directed or autonomous† (Guide, page 5). The concepts of liberty vary, as discussed above. A more critical division of liberty pertains to the place of private property and the market order. Classical liberals from the 18th century to the present claimed that liberty and property are basically the same thing, â€Å"liberty and private property are intimately related† (Guide, pg. 8). Each individual should be able to run their business the way they see fit and are not really free unless allowed to do so. With the advent of industrialization, democratization, and economic upheaval modern day liberalism took root and evolved into a different definition of government versus liberty. The definition of modern liberalism came into play in the early 20th century when they began to question the private property based market. The idea of â€Å"social justice or the welfare state† (Guide, pg. 9) rose from the economic downturns created by the great depression and World War II. These events spurred a new faith in government as a way to oversee economic conditions, â€Å"this was partly due to the experiences of the First World War, in which government attempts at economic planning seemed to succeed (Dewey, 1929: 551-60)† (Guide, pg. 9). Franklin D Roosevelt’s new deal was evidence of government being responsible â€Å"for ensuring the economic well-being of the nation and for providing basic material guarantees to citizens† (PowerPoints, Modern Liberalism, pg. ) for example, social security, Medicare, and unemployment insurance. Another factor that spurred the growth and development of this â€Å"new† liberalism, and most likely the most rudimentary, was â€Å"a growing conviction that, so far from being ‘the guardian of every other right’ (Ely, 1992: 26), pr operty rights generated an unjust inequality of power that led to a less-than-equal liberty (typically, ‘positive liberty’) for the working class† (Guide, pg. 10). This idea is closely related to American Liberalism today, in that it advocates civil and personal liberties with an indifference to private ownership. Another tenant of modern liberalism, taken from Rawls’ great work, â€Å"A Theory of Justice† published in 1971, â€Å"is that the ‘new liberalism’ has become focused on developing a theory of social justice† (Guide, pg. 10). This basic principle asserts that society should be structured so that social and economic inequalities give the greatest advantage to those who are the least well off. This works on the principle of reciprocity so that no social group advances at the cost of another. Liberals also believe that it is essential for the government to protect citizens from events such as environmental derogation as a consequence of â€Å"injustices and failures of free-market capitalism† (PowerPoints, Modern Liberalism, pg. 2). Modern liberalism believes that government protection and action is necessary in achieving equality and equal opportunity for all, for example protecting civil liberties as well as individual human rights. In terms of economics, Liberals tend to believe in a market system in which the government regulates the economy, as opposed to the above mentioned â€Å"free-market. † Most modern liberals are associated with the Democratic Party, â€Å"because of its support for wide ranging welfare programs and government support of the public sector as well as tighter corporate regulations (PowerPoints, Modern Liberalism, pg. 2). Modern conservatism, on the other hand, came in to play when conservatives began to dislike government control in the economy. In opposition from modern liberalism, modern conservatism favored and â€Å"embraced laissez-faire (free-market) economics† (PowerPoints, Modern Conservatism, pg. 1). In Russell Kirk’s, â€Å"Ten Conservative Principles,† he claims conservatism is, â€Å"a state of mind, a type of character, a way of looking at the civil social order† (Guide, pg. 40). He first believes that for conservatives, there exists an everlasting moral order. He further states that there are two types of order, â€Å"the inner order of the soul and the outer order of the commonwealth† (Guide, pg. 1). Kirk has strong convictions that the 20th century world has suffered greatly due to a collapse of a belief in the moral order. Kirk further believes, â€Å"all social questions at heart, to be questions of private morality† (Guide, pg. 42). In addition, he believes that the conservative ideology is also strongly tied â€Å"to custom convention and continuity† (Guide , pg. 42). Conservatives believe that change should only take place when necessary and when necessary, it should be very gradual. This is derived from Kirk’s idea, â€Å"that modern people are dwarfs on the shoulders of giants, able to see farther than their ancestors only because of the great stature of those who have preceded us in time† (Guide, pg. 43). He feels that conservatives believe that freedom and property are closely linked and will create a more stable and productive country, an idea that is rooted in classical liberalism, â€Å"Economic leveling, conservatives maintain, is not economic progress† (Guide, pg. 45). Another belief conservatives hold, is the belief in a â€Å"voluntary community† where decisions affecting the community are made locally by political or private parties and not by a centralized government authority. In regards to economics, conservatives believe in limiting or cutting back on government programs and lowering taxes on both individuals and corporations. They also feel that economic growth can only be achieved through deregulating industries. This attitude is reflected in conservative’s claim that global warming is non-existent and a hoax. As Russell Kirk states in his, â€Å"Ten Conservative Principles,† â€Å"the decisions most directly affecting the lives of citizens are made locally and voluntarily† (Guide, pg. 45). This statement reflects conservatives desire to regulate policy and law through local communities and states rather than be controlled by a centralized federal government. In terms of foreign policy, â€Å"conservatives tend to favor strict definitions of national security before supporting military intervention† (PowerPoints, Modern Conservatism, pg. 3). Lastly, as liberals tend to be democrats, conservatives tend to be members of the Republican Party. In today’s political arena, there are many examples of conservative versus liberal attitudes reflected in economic, social, and environmental affairs. Currently, our nation is facing a looming deficit and as of August 2nd the nation will no longer be able to pay its bills. In the past the solution to this problem has been to raise the debt ceiling. Most economist agree that if the United States fails to raise the debt ceiling by August 2nd there will be huge repercussions throughout the world, for example, the United State’s credit rating will be lowered and interest rates will by higher. However, much debate surrounds this issue today, largely due to the fact that the federal deficit is at an all time record high and the nation’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) has been declining. There is major controversy between the two parties as to how to achieve deficit reduction. Liberals want to accomplish this through a combination of taxation on the wealthy as well as spending cuts. While on the other hand, conservatives wish to cut public entitlements while leaving the present tax structure in place. Their slogan is â€Å"cut, cap, and balance† which has passed the House of Representatives but will surely die in the senate. Their argument is that in this time of economic difficulty and high unemployment, increased taxation on the rich would limit the â€Å"job creators† ability to hire. Both share a desire to cut spending, the question lies in where. Another example where liberals and conservatives differ in their approach to economic problems is in their response to the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, a federal agency created for consumer protection in the financial area. This agency was created in response to the financial crisis of 2008 and designed to avoid a future financial debacle in the future. Liberals say that this agency would regulate the financial industry to prevent â€Å"bad loans,† unfair bank charges, or outright fraud in our financial institutions. On the other hand, conservatives think that this agency is a totally unnecessary expansion of government that, with its regulations, will only get in the way of private industry and restrict access to credit for consumers. Once again this is an example of liberals favoring government regulation to protect society and conservatives stance that it interferes with personal enterprise. Another act embroiled in controversy between the liberals and conservatives is the Healthcare Reform Act passed in 2010 by the Obama administration. The final bill, passed in the senate without a single republican vote, was still considered by many liberals to fall short of their expectations of universal healthcare. As Paul Krugman wrote in his Op-Ed piece, â€Å"Healthcare Reform Myths,† â€Å"compared with the Platonic ideal of reform, Obamacare comes up short. If the votes were there, I would much prefer to see Medicare for all† (Guide, pg. 2). In the same article, however, he stresses that it extends coverage to 34 million Americans who would otherwise be insured. In addition, he mentioned that the Congressional Budget Office has concluded that this bill will actually control costs and ultimately reduce expenditures for healthcare. Conservatives have made repealing Obama’s healthcare reform bill a cardinal objective of their election campaign. This healthcar e act demonstrates liberals desire for social justice in wanting to provide equal access to ealth insurance for those with preexisting conditions and those who are uninsured. It also represents their desire for government to play a central role in the individual’s life. However, conservatives believe that government should stay out of private healthcare, even to the point where some far right conservatives advocate reducing even Medicare to a voucher system, depending on private insurance. The Defense of Marriage Act of 1996 is a prime example of a social affair that defined marriage as a legal union between a man and a woman. Under the terms of this act, same sex couples were not given the same benefits (social security, tax and health benefits) as heterosexual couples. Democratic Senator Dianne Feinstein has introduced a repeal bill that would allow any couples married in the six states allowing same sex marriage to enjoy these benefits. From the conservative point of view, this issue is seen from a moral point of view and the extreme right wing views homosexuality as evil and unnatural. Liberals on the other hand see it more as a civil rights issue where individuals should have the right to fully embrace their own personal freedom. The greatest difference between these two ideologies would be one coming from a moral standpoint as emphasized by Russell Kirk and the other more as a civil rights issue. Lastly, in regards to the environment, there is contrasting views on the restrictions enforced by the Clean Air Act of 1970, established by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), which was established to regulate the wide spread air pollutants deemed harmful to the public. Both conservatives and liberals espouse a platform for clean air and water. The differences lie in how they interpret this. Liberals want to enforce stricter regulations in their role to see government as a protector of society, â€Å"Liberals today believe that government must protect individuals from the inequities of modern society and correct the injustices and failures of â€Å"free-market† capitalism including environmental degradation† (PowerPoints, Modern Liberalism, pg. 2). Conservatives, on the other hand, constantly lobby to lower the EPA standards to allow business to operate with less government regulation with regard to their pollutants. In regards to climate change, Liberals have a strong conviction that is based on scientific date whereas many conservatives deem it â€Å"junk science. † Clearly, there are divisions aligning both conservative and liberals along their ideological party lines. However, to live in a democracy we must put aside our differences to find common ground so that we may succeed as a unified nation. This is best said by John Dewey, in his â€Å"Creative Democracy- The Task Before Us (1939) that, â€Å"Democracy is the belief that even when needs and ends or consequences are different for each individual, the habit of amicable cooperation-which may include, as in sport, rivalry and competition- is itself a priceless addition to life† (Guide, pg. 38) and â€Å"to cooperate by giving differences a chance to show themselves because of the belief that the expression of difference is not only a right of the other persons but is a means of enriching ones own life-experience, is inherent in the democratic personal way of life† (Guide, pg. 8). Although these two ideologies have many contrasting views, they are both working to achieve the same thing, what they feel is best for the country. When looking at both sides, it becomes evident that our nation is at its best when both sides, liberal and conservative, can listen to one another and work together towards a common goal of making this great country united and beneficial to all citizens.

Connell and OConnell Surname Origin and Meaning

Connell and O'Connell Surname Origin and Meaning In Ireland, the surname Connell or OConnell is an Anglicized form of the famous Gaelic clan name OConaill, meaning strong as a wolf, from the Gaelic siol cuin or siol con which translates as descendant of Connall or Con. The name possibly derives from cà º (con) meaning hound or wolf, and gal meaning valour. In Ulster the Connell surname may also have derived from MacConn, an Anglicized form of the name Mac Mhiolchon, meaning son of the hound-like one. Connell may also be a modern Scottish surname for Congal or Congual. Connell is one of 50 common Irish surnames of modern Ireland. Alternate Surname Spellings:  Connal, Connell, Connall, OConnell, Cannell, Conell, OConnall, Conall Interesting Facts About the Connell Surname Three distinct OConnell clans, located in the provinces of Connacht, Ulster, and Munster, are the originators of many of the Connell families in Clare, Galway, Kerry. Famous People With the Surname Connell and O'Connell Daniel OConnell - Irish politician and statesman, known as the Liberator.Evan S. Connell - American novelist.Richard Edward Connell -  American author and journalist, best known for his short story The Most Dangerous Game. Genealogy Resources for the Surname Connell O'Connell Check out these great resources for learning more about the Connell name: Explore background information and history on various early OConnell families in Ireland at IrishOConnell.com.Trace the geography and history of the Connell surname through the British Surname Profiler. This free online database based on a University College London (UCL) project investigating the distribution of surnames in Great Britain, both current and historic.The Connell Family Genealogy Forum allows you to search this popular genealogy forum for the Connell surname to find others who might be researching your ancestors, or post your own Connell surname query.Find historical records, queries, and lineage-linked family trees posted for the Connell surname and its variations at FamilySearch.com.RootsWeb hosts several free mailing lists for researchers of the Connell surname.Cousin Connect  allows you to read or post genealogy queries for the surname Connell, and sign up for free notification when new Connell queries are added.DistantCousin.com is full of free databases and genea logy links for the last name Connell. References Cottle, Basil. Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967. Menk, Lars. A Dictionary of German Jewish Surnames. Avotaynu, 2005. Beider, Alexander. A Dictionary of Jewish Surnames from Galicia. Avotaynu, 2004. Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges. A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989. Hanks, Patrick. Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003. Smith, Elsdon C. American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997.

Technology, Government, Entrepreneurship and their influence after Essay

Technology, Government, Entrepreneurship and their influence after world war 2 - Essay Example USA patented their commercial scale of production in 1948 and most of the pharmaceutical organizations went on to patent most of their potent antibiotics in 1950s-60s. Some of the American companies that took advantage of German Drug Patents are Winthrop Chemical Company and IG Farben. Political support was agreed upon after extensive research by numerous bodies including pharmaceutical industry, academic researchers, and government researchers. There was need to include intellectual influence on pharmaceutical companies due to dangers imposed by some drugs on patients. The government regularly sort academic physicians help while handling drug issues because they were deemed experts in the medical field. Germany experienced the most creative period between 1932 and 1945 and American scientists looted their patents after the World War II due to German’s devastation after the war. Americans had enough money to fund medical researches hence prompting them to strip off Germany inv entiveness. According to   Expert Reviews Staff World War II completely changed the world by ushering in a new technological age in the world we live now (Web). Governments invested a lot of money in research and technology to find better ways of destroying the enemy yet the eventual technology changed the way people think. During the post-world war II, pharmaceutical industry engaged itself in an extensive research as well as administrative networks with a number of bodies such as academic researchers and medical schools as well as the government and this led to a biomedical community and eventually organized medicine. There was an uppermost 300 kHz segment of world allocation of the 10-meter band from 29.7 MHz to 30MHz that was removed from amateur radio in 1947 but in 1950s, a single-sideband modulation for HF voice communication was introduced. This was followed by the launch of the first orbital amateur radio satellite (OSCAR) which was the first of series amateur radio satel lites created worldwide. Post war economy led to further expansion of the television production, which had earlier started in the decade as a means of developing radar technology. Console and tabletop models emerged and Milton Berlke and Ed Sullivan were amongst the first TV stars in the late 1940s. The 1950s later become the golden age of television because a good number of people could afford TV in their homes   (Expert Reviews Staff Web). Key Influential Entrepreneurs in the Post World War II Boyer explains that David Sarnoff was an American pioneer in the radio and television industry who migrated to the US in 1900 and worked for Marconi Wireless Company (684-685). Sarnoff proposed a radio music box in 1915, this led to the popularly known radio broadcasting, and when Radio Corporation absorbed the Marconi firm in 1921, he later became the CEO between 1947 and 1970. He contributed a lot to the development of black and white as well as compatible color TV and later served as Dw ight in World War II as a communication adviser and an active figure in public affairs where he was a spokesperson for the broadcasting industry. After the WW II Americans wanted to indulge themselves with entertainment and Sarnoff introduced a television price at $375. The sales went so high from 175, 000 in 1947 to 7 million in 1950 with almost half carrying RCA name and Sarnoff estimated that almost 47% of Americans owned television sets by 1952.

Electronic Monitoring and Employee Productivity Assignment

Electronic Monitoring and Employee Productivity - Assignment Example Most employees are subjected to monitoring that includes office and cubicle searches, video surveillance, electronic mail monitoring and health and psychological screening (Schumacher, 2011, pp 138-144). The current trends in electronic monitoring especially in the 21st century have increased at an alarming rate. The latest monitoring trends include the use of video cameras, email monitoring and telephone recordings among others. The monitoring has moved to network forensic monitoring software that is currently in use to mine emails for keywords and security breaches (Schumacher, 2011, pp 138-144). Most managers say that without monitoring employee activities it is difficult to achieve productivity especially in this era of social networking. The rise of the internet compounded by the development of the smart phones have made it difficult for employees to stick to work and therefore contributing to decreased productivity. This may not be true considering some of the theories that hav e been propagated about employees and productivity (Schumacher, 2011, pp 138-144). McGregor’s theory X and Y help us understand the positive and the negative aspects of employing electronic monitoring at the workplace.... Tailor says that employees should do what managers tell them to do and the managers tell the employees what to do in order to be paid accordingly. This theory has been used to support electronic monitoring so as to achieve productivity and pay employees what they are entitled to depending on what they have done (Bolden, Gosling, A, & Dennison, 2003, pp 6-50). Therefore employee monitoring can be seen as both positive and negative in many aspects. Implementing the electronic surveillance will mean that employees are under tight control from the management and therefore they may end up being less productivity as McGregor puts it. On the other hand the productivity might increase because when they are monitored, the time they are not productive is subtracted from the total time. This means that by the end of the day their wages will be reduced. The reduction will make them leave the activities that make them less productive so as to increase their wages (Schumacher, 2011, pp 138-144). E mployee monitoring has been criticized by a number of people because it infringes on the rights of both the customer and the employee. It is not the best form of management as it increases stress, decreases job satisfaction, cultivates a culture of mistrust and negative work relationships and therefore it is not. To some level there are key ethical considerations that encourage employee electronic monitoring and these include security as concerns a company’s information such as trade secrets or restricted places, productivity as in employees have to be at the right place at the right time and doing the right things at the right time, reputation as employers do not want company information such as logos to be found at the wrong place that may cause them

Research paper qualitative and quantitative Essay

Research paper qualitative and quantitative - Essay Example Caldwell’s framework is the basis of the research charter that has been followed for the critical analysis of research regarding health. The article is inscribed by Rtensson (RNT) & Persson (PhD, RN) and it was printed in Journal of Nursing Management in 2006. The authors are well known for their credibility. The focus of research is on the a world wide issue nowadays that is the the effect of life-style on health; the relationship between influence on health of working at night and the resulting diet or exercise habits is explored. It argues the issue which can potentially lead to the highest amount of life years mislaid by 2025 that is life style related illness. The issue is handled by concentrating on life-style issues identified with unhealthy dietary patterns and absence of physical action. The key issues discussed here include the affect of different variables/actors on the nurses working during night hours. These include colleagues, circadian rhythm and freedom of action. The facts presented and discussed help identify the objective of research i.e. whether these variables affect the diet and exercise habits of the workers. However, focus is more being laid upon the general health of the workers instead of a specific focus related to what they eat and if they work out or not. Nevertheless, the rationale for carrying out the research is clearly mentioned by stating that there is very scant data available on the relationship between working during night hours and diet or exercise habits: a gap in literature exists on this issue. Qualitative exploration is centered on subjective data. . Gatherings allow the researcher to examine the subject all around with respect to a particular topic and to have more noticeable control over the examination. In observation, subjects can be analyzed in their standard living space. The purpose of this sort of investigation is that the conclusions can be illuminating to

Dependency vs. modernization theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Dependency vs. modernization theory - Essay Example western values. The Dependency theory was in response to the former one. In reference to the Dependency theory, the world economy is under the control of modern countries and the economic development of Third World countries is forcibly dependent on them (Farmer 100-7). The developing countries are forced to follow the paths and conditions of western countries because a large advancement gap prevails between them. The modern societies make the law and order for the world and if the underdeveloped countries do not go on this track then their political, social and economical stability are in jeopardy, foreign aids are immediately  ceased and sometimes their existence is even subjected to threat (Schelkle, Krauth, Kohli, and Elwert 253-91). The Third world countries are directly or indirectly dependent on the western countries. They cannot prove themselves worthy to the world until and unless they do not take development steps on their own. Today, advanced and develop countries have m ade their intrusion in all the underdeveloped countries. Undeniably, the western policies are dominant and the countries which have desire to stabilize themselves should, in one way or other, keep track of these policies.

Entrepreneurial Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Entrepreneurial Leadership - Essay Example Case (2010) identifies three P’s (people, passion and perseverance) as the key ingredients of a successful entrepreneurship. He said that the presence or absence of the three P’s in the right mix can lead to success or failure as an entrepreneur. His successful steering of AOL has been contributed to these 3 P’s by him (Case, 2010). However, the failure of merger of AOL with Time Warner was a result of incorrect focus on the 3 P’s. The merger resulted in cultural clash of employees and hence they were focused on their personal issues rather than the innovations. The passion that was earlier present in AOL employees was lost in the huge merged enterprise and finally perseverance was hit hard because people lost their belief in internet and they stopped investing in innovation. Another thing lacking in the deal was â€Å"vision execution†. A great idea rebounded because the 3 P’s were not rightly focused on â€Å"executing† the vision (C ase, 2010). Kouzes (2008) talks about five leadership practices which help in motivating people to perform at their best. Thus, he also focused on people and showed how great leaders inspire them to arouse perseverance and passion in them. The five principles are – having a clear vision of what is required so that the employees understand what is expected of them and they move accordingly, setting example by doing what is being preached, challenging the current state of affairs as status quo never inspires people to perform at their best, enabling others to act in line with the vision by understanding the motivation factors of a team or individual and encouraging the heart by rewarding exemplary performance (Kouzes, 2008). Drucker (2007) distinguishes between entrepreneurial strategies and entrepreneurial management. The first strategy is that of being seen as the undisputed leader in the market. Strategies are for external markets and can be used alone or in combination with others. It is the riskiest but pays the most if successful. This is what AOL tried to do by merging with Time Warner. Other strategies involve â€Å"creative imitation†, â€Å"entrepreneurial judo† and finding a specialized â€Å"ecological niche† (Drucker, 2007). This gives rise to entrepreneurial leadership where leaders operate in dynamic market conditions and transform the inconsistency and dynamic character of the market into opportunities (Tarabishy, Fernald and Solomon,). He is capable of using different strategies or a combination of them to establish his product/ service or company in the current environment. The entrepreneurial leader should have a clear vision, communicate it well and then help his people execute it. Types of organizations and leadership styles Organizations can be classified into different types depending on their size, culture, decision making authority and design etc. An organization which follows top-down communication, has very rigid rules, is bureaucratic in authority and has very narrowly defined tasks is called a â€Å"Mechanist Organization† (Kinicki, 2007). On the other hand an â€Å"Organic Organization† is flexible, with open communication networks, flat hierarchical structure and employees who perform variety of tasks and not just the specific ones (Kinicki, 2007). Decision making in such organizations is de-centralized and middle and lower level managers have more control over various decisions. For transformational leaders, an organic organization is best

Dependency vs. modernization theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Dependency vs. modernization theory - Essay Example western values. The Dependency theory was in response to the former one. In reference to the Dependency theory, the world economy is under the control of modern countries and the economic development of Third World countries is forcibly dependent on them (Farmer 100-7). The developing countries are forced to follow the paths and conditions of western countries because a large advancement gap prevails between them. The modern societies make the law and order for the world and if the underdeveloped countries do not go on this track then their political, social and economical stability are in jeopardy, foreign aids are immediately  ceased and sometimes their existence is even subjected to threat (Schelkle, Krauth, Kohli, and Elwert 253-91). The Third world countries are directly or indirectly dependent on the western countries. They cannot prove themselves worthy to the world until and unless they do not take development steps on their own. Today, advanced and develop countries have m ade their intrusion in all the underdeveloped countries. Undeniably, the western policies are dominant and the countries which have desire to stabilize themselves should, in one way or other, keep track of these policies.

Currency Overlay Techniques and Perspectives Essay

Currency Overlay Techniques and Perspectives - Essay Example What are the advantages and disadvantages, or more specifically, the risks and rewards, of several common currency overlay schemes? In â€Å"Mean/Variance Analysis of Currency Overlays† by Philippe Jorion, three of the four most common strategies are discussed and analyzed. These are 1) joint, or unit, currency management, its goal to optimize or hedge the entirety of the underlying assets, be they stocks, bonds, or currencies themselves; 2) partial optimization over the currencies, given a pre-determined position in the core portfolio; and 3) a separate optimization over currencies. In unit or joint hedging, it is assumed that â€Å"the manager has expertise in many asset classes and can structure a portfolio to account for correlations between assets and currencies,† (Jorion, 1994). Partial optimization manages currencies â€Å"separately from the core portfolio, but the manager still controls total portfolio risk.† Employing the method of separate optimization means to manage the currencies â€Å"completely independently of the rest of the portfolio,† even going so far as to measure their performance against a separate benchmark or hire a separate currency overlay manager to deal with this part of the portfolio as opposed to the equity manager. In the unit hedging approach, the tools work together to maximize the performance in light of the unique composition of the portfolio. Clearly, if done properly, this is the optimal approach.

Poem Comparison Essay Example for Free

Poem Comparison Essay All four poems that I read are related in their purposes and goals; however, they are also very different. Lucinda Matlock by Edward Lee Masters, Chicago by Carl Sandburg, Richard Cory by Edwin Arlington Robinson, and We Wear the Mask by Paul Laurence Dunbar are all about the joys and sorrows of life. How we look at life makes life good or bad. Lucinda Matlock is a story of a woman, who, by some standards, would have a life that we consider a mediocre. However, the narrator of the poem says that it was a good life and that life can only be truly appreciated if it is taken from you. Chicago by Carl Sandburg is the most closely related poems to Lucinda Matlock. In the poem, the people of this city are dirty, evil, and happy. The people are not saying to themselves, Well, my life is horrible because this is where I live and this is my underpaying job. They are laughing and joyous because they have life. Chicago is unlike Lucinda Matlock because Carl Sandburgs depiction of life in Chicago is so much more cynical than that of Masters more optimistic characterization and depiction of life in the world. Richard Cory is a poem about an aristocratic man that under- appreciates life, and, as a result commits suicide. The narrator talks about how envious he/she is of Richard Cory. Only in the very end do they mention the fact that he is actually a very sad man. This poem is a representation of the front that some people put up to hide their inner selves due to embarrassment or many other feeling of despair. Finally, we read We Wear the Mask by Paul Laurence Dunbar. This is very similar to Richard Cory in its message. The message is again that there are some who sometimes cloister their inner selves behind a barrier of a fake personality. In the poem, Dunbar writes: Nay, let them only see us while/ We wear the mask/ We smile, but oh great  Christ, our cries/ To Thee from tortured souls arise. The second part of the quotation says that they have tortured souls. They smile to hide their pain and they cry to Christ for help. All of the poems share the common theme that life is what you make it and that people often hide their true identity behind a false one (As shown in Richard Cory, We Wear the Mask, and Chicago). Though the final two poems mentioned have more in common with each other than they do with the first couple poems that were talked about in class, all of the poems are similar in their ultimate subject matter.

A Strong Corporate Image Business Essay

A Strong Corporate Image Business Essay Abstract For a variety of reasons, both academic and business interests in corporate image have increased significantly in recent years. Organizations have realized that a strong corporate image can help them align with the marketplace, attract investment, motivate employees and serve as a means to differentiate their products and services. Thus, many organizations are striving to develop a distinct and recognizable image. This paper investigates what organizations perceive as the essential components of the concept of corporate image and issue advertising. It proposes a general concept about the organization belong to 21st century are more focused towards the betterment of societal and environment. A detail analysis has been performed related to the companys assessment regarding to the carbon emission in relation with the consumer perspective and the importance of social advertising. A corporate image is the strongest determinant of any corporations sustainability. Stock prices can always co me back. Business strategies can always be changed but, when an organizations image is gravely injured, its really difficult, long-term, and uncertain. A risk to its image is a threat to the survival of the enterprise. Leaders who have built a strong image know what it takes: an internal culture that forges a positive opinion of the company by successfully coping with both expected and unanticipated challenges. They know that PR is not a bandage that will cover risky behavior. Most of all, they know they must understand their stakeholders, and that every companys solution must be unique. A companys approach must include structured engagement with investors, regulators, activist organizations, communities, and the media. The primary feature of this engagement is active listening. It provides a means for developing a trained intelligence that enables leaders to anticipate external responses to their actions. And, when necessary, it delivers a perspective that helps protect them from t he kind of competition-driven excesses that seem to arise so easily in our pressurized market environment. Failure to build a culture of attentive engagement can prove devastating, and the world has witnessed spectacular reputational collapses over recent years. Enron and WorldCom are the best known, but, at bottom, these are simple cases of thievery and fraud. An admonition not to steal would be lost on those who are striving to be creatively criminal. Of far greater interest to the great majority of CEOs, and more instructive of the dangers that can lurk in any corporations DNA, are the reputational compromises that have occurred at such companies as Merck, Marsh McLennan, Arthur Andersen, and Monsanto. Table of Contents 2 Introduction 3 Purpose: 3 Format 3 Essential components of corporate image HYPERLINK #__RefHeading__52079_896431004HYPERLINK #__RefHeading__52079_896431004 issue advertising 4 Corporate Communications 6 Corporate design 6 Corporate Culture 6 Behavior 7 Corporate structure 7 Corporate strategy 7 Steps in building corporate image 9 Top management involvement: 9 Select appropriate Model 9 Involvement of Stakeholders 9 Motivate employees to become corporate representative 9 Communication tactic 9 References 10 Introduction Purpose: The image of organization, as of the viewpoint of customers, is the basis of a high-quality corporate image building program. Effective image management surrounding brand traits is of dominant importance in achieving goals of the organization. Social advertising effectiveness can be calculated by marketing evaluations. The rationale of this paper is to analyze the strategies of effective corporate image, edifice and supervision the same with indication to acquiring maximum customer value for long-run organization gains. Format The paper reviews the literature on the corporate image building and develops arguments in reference to the corporate image and issue advertising. The debate in the paper is emphatically extended over how companies are assessing carbon consciousness among consumers, issue advertising, media impact on corporate image and environmental knowledge. This paper also discusses the essential components of corporate image and issue advertising, process that builds corporate image through media communication and stakeholders involvement. Essential components of corporate image issue advertising The essential components of corporate image and issue advertising are as follows: Corporate Communications Controlled corporate communication Uncontrolled communication Indirect communication Corporate Design Corporate visual identity system Application of CVIS Corporate Culture Corporate philosophy Corporate values Corporate mission Corporate Principles Corporate guidelines Corporate History Founder of the company Country of origin Subculture Behaviour Employee Behaviour Management Behavior Corporate Structure Brand Structure Organization Structure Corporate Strategy Differentiation Strategy Positioning Strategy Corporate Communications Elif Karaosmanoglu, [2005] corporate communication is a term that encompasses all the ways in which the organization communicates with its various stakeholders. Thus, all of the messages emanating from an organization, everything that it produces and all of the activities it is involved in will act to shape stakeholders perceptions. Corporate communication can be both controlled and uncontrolled in nature. Communication intentionally instigated by management with the aim of improving stakeholder relationships is classified as controlled corporate communication. Conversely, uncontrolled communication takes place when organizations influence stakeholders perceptions unintentionally. Corporate design Corporate design is a term used to describe the vast number of visual cues that are associated with a specific organization. Corporate visual identity system (CVIS) is composed of five main elements: the organizations name, slogan, logotype/symbol, color and typography. Visual identity can be conveyed in other ways, for example, through the companies products and vehicles and the location as well as the architecture of its buildings. The interior office design, for example, may symbolize many aspects of the corporate culture. Simà µes, Dibb Fisk, (2005), The creation of strong corporate identity, including identity signs, is crucial for companies to encourage positive attitudes in its different target publics and may provide an important competitive advantage . Corporate Culture T.C. Melewar [2005] there is a plethora of different views as to what constitutes corporate culture. Some argue that it is strongly associated with rituals, for example, one interviewee explicit stated that culture: . . . is the way we do things around here. There is a range of views concerning the relationship between corporate culture and corporate identity. Culture epitomizes the consensus within a company about how activities should be accomplished and is conceived as a result of a groups shared experience and learning with respect to matters of external adaptation and internal integration. Behavior Behavior is another fairly intangible aspect of corporate identity. However, an analysis is made easier by breaking it down into a number of elements that make up behavior including, corporate, employee and management behavior. Many commentators suggest that the actions of a corporation are a fundamental element of its identity. Albert and Whetten [2003], asserted that an organizations brand identity should achieve three things: capture the essence of the organization, distinguish the organization from others and exhibit the same degree of commitment in behavior over time. Corporate structure Corporate structure consists of organizational structure and branding structure and is cited by several authors as being a fundamental component of corporate image. Brand structure: organizations engage in branding strategies in order to differentiate themselves from competitors. Strong brands are fundamental in establishing an identity in the marketplace, strengthening customer loyalty and for many companies are vital in counteracting the growing power of retailers. Organizational structure: The organizational structure is associated with the organizational hierarchy, lines of communication and reporting responsibilities. Of greatest importance is the degree of centralization and decentralization, in terms of both geography and across products Corporate strategy Corporate strategy is the blueprint of the firms fundamental objectives and strategies for competing in their given market. It thus determines what the company produces, the level of profit made and stakeholder perceptions about the company. Many commentators suggest that a strong link exists between corporate strategy and corporate image. Price Water House Coopers [2003] non financial performance is more important than current financial results in creating long term share holder value. Non-financial results sometimes are more important in developing a overall corporate image for example developing a process that will generate less CO2 emission as compare to old processes. Steps in building corporate image Top management involvement: Every branding strategy begins from the board room. Top management involvement helps organization in building strong corporate image. Corporate image is totally a strategic decision taken by the senior management of organization. Select appropriate Model Business Model is the spine of branding strategy. So, it is significant to choose the best replica for your business or put up your own. Because each business has its own wants and working background, therefore, it is best to construct a model which is aligned with the company needs and values Involvement of Stakeholders Stake holders are ones who are directly affected with the organization decision, company should take them in to confidence and involve them in decision making. Initiate activities resulting in the betterment of share holders. Motivate employees to become corporate representative Provide proper knowledge to employees for, e.g., vision, mission, values, and work culture. They can be the best representative of your organization. Educate them about the goals and future aims of the organization. Communication tactic Communication tactic is of prime importance when it comes to create strong brand image. A well planned and defined marketing strategy is helpful in understanding customers needs, helps is identifying issues need to be advertised in order to build strong brand image.

Brain Cancer Innovation: Attacking the Core :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the article Brain Cancer Innovation: Attacking the Core, Anne Denogeantries to clarify how deadly glioma (malignant tumor of the neurological cells) actually is, and how a balloon filled with radiation can extend a patients life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Anne goes on to explain that this treatment is not a cure but on average it doesgive the patient additional months if he or she did not take the surgery. This procedure is done to treat some of the most severe cases of glioma, which was recorded to end up in an average of nine thousand four hundred Americans every year. She also says that this method of using a balloon has been the best when it comes to not damaging any of the patient’s brain tissue. Doctors have been searching for something like this for many years.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The patients that are diagnosed with this illness are usually between the ageof thirty to fifty years old. When these people come in for surgery to cut out the cancer, they usually come out of the room with no brain with the cancer completely gone. The problem with this style of surgery is the cancer comes back after only a short period of time. This is where the radiation balloon (which is used at the University of Arizona and many other sites in America) comes into play. This balloon was created in such a way that it is able to secrete about two centimeters of radiation fluid every time it detects the tumor is getting to large. This is a cheaper more sufficient treatment for glioma patients to choose rather than many surgeries.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The balloon is attached to the catheter during the removal of the tumor. Once it is in the correct position it is filled up with saline. So far, there has been one person that

Drug Abuse Essays -- Drugs Narcotics Research Papers

Drug Abuse   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Drug Abuse is generally defined as the use of a drug with such frequency that the user has physical or mental harm or it impairs social abilities. The substances that are discussed in this report are called psychoactive drugs; those drugs that influence or alter the workings of the mind, affect moods, emotions, feelings, and thinking processes. Drug Dependence/Addiction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are three basic characteristics that indicate that the user is dependent on a drug. First, the user continues to use the drug for an extended period of time. Second, the user finds it difficult to stop using the drug. They may drop out of school, steal, go to jail, lose their jobs, or leave their families in order to keep using. Finally, the user has withdrawal symptoms when drug use is stopped. They may undergo physical pain or mental distress. The drug mimics a natural process in the brain called neurotransmission. This is when a brain cell releases a signal to another brain cell. The signal then returns to the first brain cell. The signal is called a neurotransmitter. One major neurotransmitter is called dopamine, which is involved in feelings of pleasure. When the drug is released into the brain, it blocks the dopamine from returning to the first brain cell. Repeated use changes the brain cells so that normal messages can't be sent between brain cells. The drug must always be present in order for neurotransmissions to take place. The user is only able to feel pleasure from the cocaine rather than the things he/she used to find pleasurable. This is called drug addiction or dependence. Drug Classification Drugs are generally categorized into two groups, stimulants and depressants. Stimulants are drugs that speed up signals through the nervous system. They produce alertness, arousal and excitability. They also inhibit fatigue and sleep. They include the amphetamines, such as cocaine, caffeine, and nicotine. Depressants slow down the signals through the nervous system. They produce relaxation, lowering of anxiety, drowsiness, and sleep. They include sedatives (such as barbiturates, alcohol, and tranquilizers) and narcotics (heroin, morphine, opium, codeine), which dull the mind's perception of pain.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Some drugs are not included in the stimulant/depressant categories. An example is the hallucinogens, such as PCP and LS... ...nclude nausea, diarrhea, and pain, but they vary between drugs. Cocaine users report depression when denied the drug. Since heroin is a very addictive drug, it has many withdrawal symptoms. For example, insomnia, muscle cramps, nausea, sweating, chills, panic, tremors, loss of appetite, yawning, runny nose, and watery eyes. Drug Treatment   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A drug addict generally goes through denial before he/she accepts his/her drug addiction. When they are confronted by a family member or friend, they refuse to accept that they are addicted. This is sometimes called a mental block. The user isn't ready or able to deal with thier addiction. The time period of denial varies from person to person.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When the person has come to accepting their problem, they may go to therapy for treatment. Group therapy has had excellent results. They learn to come to terms with their problem with the support of other people who are going through the same thing that they are. They also learn tools that they can use to help them through the recovery period, such as prayer, excercise, and meditation. Drug abuse is a serious problem, but through treatment and therapy, it can be overcome.

Pglo

2/15/2013 background on transformation of bacteria with pGLO plasmid Experiment #5 Aim: Purpose of this lab is to have plasmid activity transformed Material: Bacteria starter plate, pGLO DNA Plasmid, microcentrifuge tubes, Ice, water bath, CaCl2 Transformation solution, (LB) agar plate, (LB/Amp) agar plate, (LB/Amp/ara) agar plate, Micropipette, and Micropipette tips. Method: Genetic transformation is a procedure which is done by taking genes from one organism and putting them in another organism.A gene is a piece of DNA that instruct for making a new protein and from this protein organism a certain trait. A gene is inserted into an organism in order to change the organism’s trait. This procedure lab is divided into two day lab. On day one, we started the procedure with getting agar plate where HB101 bacteria were growing for 24 hours at 37C. We began by first labeling two microtubes; one with (+pGLO) and second with (-pGLO). 250ul of transformation solution which we used (CaC l2) was transfer to each tubes and placed those tubes on ice.HB101 bacteria single colony was picked by using sterile inoculation loop and immersed into (+pGLO) tube and later immersed into (-pGLO) using same technique. Both time we used different sterile inoculation loop. The tubes were placed back into the ice after mixing well the colony each time. The pGLO plasmid DNA was added by the instructor into (+pGLO) not into (-PGLO) tube and placed the tube back into ice. The tubes were incubated on ice for 10 minutes. Once done incubating both tubes were performed heat shocks at 42 degree C temperature for 50 second.Both tubes were immediately placed into the ice for another 2 minutes. After 2 minutes, 250ul of LB broth was added to each tube and again incubated for 10 minutes at room temperature. Once the incubation was done, we transferred 100ul of cell suspension to the plates which was provided by using the table LB/Amp| LB/Amp/ara| LB/Amp| LB| (+pGLO)| (+pGLO)| (-pGLO)| (-pGLO)| O nce the cell suspension was transferred, cells were gently spread 10 swipes using inoculation loop on the agar and rotated the plate 45 degree. The plates were placed into incubator at 37 degrees by turning he tubes upside down and taping them. Result:

Global distribution

Online through Turning Marks: 30 marks Objectives This assessment item relates to the course learning outcomes 1 to 4 as stated in the unit outline. Students are to form their own groups and select their own group members. There will be a maximum of 5 members in a group. Guidelines: You must use at least 15 peer-reviewed publications to support your essay.In addition, you will need to read and refer to non-peer reviewed documents such as kooks, trade journals and articles to substantiate your discussion. Length: Maximum 4500 words Size 12, Font Times New Roman. Double-spaced. Margin 2. CACM all round. Use the Chicago referencing style. You should demonstrate a mature level of post-graduate writing. Transportation concepts and approaches learnt in this unit must be linked to this assignment.Students will be evaluated (as a group) in terms of their capacity to demonstrate understanding of the key issues in the relevant literature and applying it to the area f transportation and distrib ution management under supply chain competitive advantage and optimal performance'. Writing skills will be assessed. This Includes executive summary, Introduction, body, conclusion, high level of critical analysis and discussion of academic journal articles, supporting articles to the authors opinions and conclusions. Must demonstrate the width and depth of the arguments.A professional level of presentation is expected. All references must be and listed in the reference section. SE illustrations, diagrams, charts and table to enhance your report. Check the Assessment Marking Guide (end of this document). Make sure that you can tick off the items listed as you are writing or reviewing your manuscript. Many of these marks are easy to get. Examples: all references must be cited within the text, summary of main points, using the right referencing style. Check what you have done against the Assessment Marking Guide and make sure they match closely.Use your spell check functions. Proofrea d your document. Volume of global trade has increased multi-fold in the past decade. This has impacted on transportation infrastructure in many countries. The statement the essay needs to be addressed â€Å"Discuss how Transportation optimization has contributed to increased efficiencies in transportation and distribution†. Information may be drawn from trade, practitioner, and academic Journals to discuss this statement.

Quality Assurance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Quality Assurance - Essay Example Quality assurance is a vital aspect in any organisation that needs to offer unparalleled products or services. Quality assurance is the implementation of all systematic activities that are geared towards provision of quality products and services. All organisations that adhere to quality control are in a position to make a positive impact in the provision of products and services.This is an activity that is directed towards fulfilling the needs of the demand for the services and products. Quality control is mostly inclined towards satisfaction of those in need the services and products. In quality control, an organisation’s interests are not paramount. However, the interests of the consumer reign supreme. Quality Concepts An organisation that needs to apply quality control has to go through various procedures to attain the best. It is not an easy task to implement quality assurance and it will take time and other resources including finance and labour. First, the organisation has to carry out a concrete system analysis. Organisations have to come up with a system that will be operational in the organisation in order to meet the requirements. In this initial step, the organisation has to consult with concerned parties to come up with a functional system. This will involve consultation, meeting with other parties consulting research in making a strong system. This will be followed by development of the system to ensure it will function in the organisation. Analysing and developing a system that is not functional in the organisation will be a waste of time and resources. ... As such, there will be limited instances of conflict of interest. Secondly, there has to be procedures that will be followed in implementation of the system. Following procedures will ensure the system will be implemented in a standardised form. Some procedures will be vital and should be done before taking any other step in the system. Thirdly there will be a need for reference materials. The system should be backed up with materials that will be used in future in ensuring the system is followed appropriately. The last part of applying quality assurance is informing the concerned parties of the system in place. Passing information explicitly will be a benefit to the organisation as all the employees or people in the organisation will be prepared to execute the system. This will be followed by instructing the organisation on the possible measures that will be in place when implementing the system. Lastly, there will be a need to train the staff in ensuring the system is fully execute d. Since the workforce is directly involved, they will have to get ample training and preparation for the system that should be put in place. When considering the application of quality assurance in an organisation, there are several parameters that are considered. First, there is constant training of the concerned parties and employees. The employees are directly involved in ensuring quality standards are maintained. Therefore, constant training of the employees will ensure the quality of products or services are kept in high standards. In many instances, organisations that practice employee training are at the helm of making positive accrual in their line of service or products. Secondly, there is need for constant

Analysis and apply the various theories and schools of thought for Essay

Analysis and apply the various theories and schools of thought for California Lutheran University - Essay Example In its policy, CLU offers equal opportunities to all qualified individuals regardless of their color, race, gender, origin, or disability. The classical theories The classical theories were developed by different scholars, whose main assumptions were largely based on the relations between the management and employees (Helrich, 2012). This is attained through structures, which are formally made to enable smooth communication process, established accountability, and official practices and procedures to prevent any kind of disputes. In the California Lutheran University, the management includes the University administrators and the directors, while lecturers and other subordinate staff are the employees. They have formally made procedures to be followed such as timetables of lectures and other schedules to ensure that there is no conflict between them and the students. Workers are treated as economic individuals whose motivation is money. However, they are regarded as products of means of production. Henry Fayol came up with fourteen principles of an organization, such as division of work, authority and responsibility, discipline, and unity of command. In this university, all these principles have been applied on both the faculties and the students. The workers are dedicated to working with small numbers of graduate and undergraduate students who are disciplined, and open-minded about everybody, about ideas, and about their faith. Each student is seeking to grow as an individual while pursuing his or her passion and discover his purpose. The bureaucratic Theory of Management initiated by Max Weber helps an organization achieve objectives and goals. To him, an organization is efficient if has a continuous organization of formal functions interconnected by regulations, a hierarchy in administration, and rules to regulate office conducts. The institution has formal hierarchies from the University president down to the students. The governing bodies include the Convoc ation, Regents’ Board, the Cabinet of the President, and the Faculty. The executive cabinet provides leadership for the Programs Board and the senate to ensure that policies are executed and implemented. The Programs Board on the other hand officially represents the interests and wishes of all the students enrolled in the University. This hierarchy of roles runs down from the president of the institution to the students’ body to ensure that there is proper definition in tasks for a proper operations and order. The Human Resources management Human relations and schools of thought The Human Resource part of California Lutheran University has several departments, which work collectively to ensure that administrative roles and other responsibilities are achieved as desired. For instance, the senior Human Resource Administrator of the University administers all institutional compensation programs. He works with the HR Director on most of the scheduled projects such as analy sis, implementation, design, yearly salary programs, and budgeting. He assists the director with termination or disciplinary issues and general relations with the employees. The Director of Adult Degree Evening Program oversees faculty-student relations and recruitment and leads enrolment goal achievement, retention strategies, and excellence in student activities. The central aspect of the Human Relations school of thought is that when workers work

Weekly Activity 5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Weekly Activity 5 - Essay Example However, Peter noted that he had experienced sexual harassment in the workplace. He noted that he had experienced harassment as they went for a bonding session to another country. He noted that one of the supervisors for the company he worked made some comments as of a sexual nature as they were discussing together. He also noted that the supervisor touched him in an inappropriate way. Peter noted that this affected productivity in the work as he was unable to concentrate thinking about the incident. He was also emotionally affected as he was a married man and felt it as a form of betrayal to wife. However, he managed to solve the issue with the supervisor by telling him to stop, or he will report to the relevant authority. The issue never occurred again after the truce. Shantel noted to have experienced sexual harassment. She said she received messages with sexual content from the manager. She noted that it affected, and she felt demoralized and intimidated to work in the company. The issue was handled by reporting the matter to the company chief executive officer, and the manager was warned of consequences. It has since stopped and they resolved to work together for the sake of company reputation. On the other hand, Monica also noted to have experienced sexual harassment. She noted that male sexual workers joked about her sexy body. She felt intimidated and sometimes depressed. She sometimes lost sleep at home thinking about the matter and was not willing to inform her husband. She reported the matter to the manager, and a warning letter was sent to those individuals involved in mockery. In conclusion, it is clear there is a difference in males and females as sexual harassment is concerned. In this discussion, females are more likely to be sexually harassed as compared to males. However, it is clear work productivity is affected significantly in both males and females. Therefore, sexual

D1 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

D1 - Assignment Example the start, therefore, California was prone to fabricate its experience and have continued to show some version of the that experience on and off ever since. In addition, Starr meant that our actual lived experience takes place in California, where our marriages, tribes, cultures, histories and neighbors, public laws, private agonies and our real homes right down to our humble daily occurrences and activities such as eating existed. All these things were pursued by the fact that one belonged to California or was precipitated by California-ism which depend upon love affair, power and pleasure, norms and values of human made empires not those that emanate from Heaven. When Starr stated that California entered history is a myth, he tried to imply that California has been seen Shangri-la-the promised land of many pilgrims who looking for American dream. In addition, the statement implied that California which is the second most populous State in the United States has been blessed with human diversity and natural beauty (Starr 30). More so, the State has been witnessed many events such as innovation, triumph, and discovery. For many years, Ca lifornia native people lived in plenty or of good topography and climate suited to human habitation. During the renaissance period, European colonization were not the only one doing good and great things. This is because societies in other parts of the world flourished. As the world turned into the 15th century, it seems that each in the world had its own renaissance. Native Americans of North America were not an exception. These people had diverse languages and culture much such as Europeans. When colonizers from Europe landed in North America, they could not have imagined of the intricacy of the people they were soon to interact with. Not all Native Americans lived in peace like Europeans; the continent faced tribal conflicts that sometimes led to cultural and human destruction. European colonizers in California sought to

Organization psychology and Behavior Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Organization psychology and Behavior - Essay Example Organizational learning has become highly important in understanding the world of modern business. Due to rapid advancement in technology, new managerial styles, quick transfer of information and dynamically changing environment; it has become highly imperative for the companies to adapt the changes. In such a scenario, only the most flexible companies will be able to sustain themselves till the last. For organizations, it is equally important to learn from their past in order to excel successfully in the future. According to Peter Senge (1990), an organization should be a place where people should be given a chance to excel in order to acquire the desired results, where they should be encouraged to think out-of-the-box, where people should be given an opportunity to learn from their environment and where they should be transformed into role models for others to derive an inspiration. To fulfill his statement; Peter Senge has developed five basic disciplines of a learning organization. These five disciplines enable people to become more productive and more participative in their organization and also, it enables them to understand the reality of their present and shape their future in a more organized manner. It is considered as the conceptual foundation stone of Senge’s approach. This discipline provides a connection between the different parts that constitutes the entire structure of an organization. It enables the managers and the key staff to understand the different components of a system that builds up the entire infrastructure of an organization. Managers should focus on understanding that how these key components interacts with each other in order to attain long term success and goals. They should give importance on how these key components can impact on the system on long term basis. This discipline refers to an individual’s ability to expand and

Strategic Financial Management - Marks and Spencer Essay

Strategic Financial Management - Marks and Spencer - Essay Example In other words, the strategy of a company may be just to make money or it may be to provide the customers with socially and environmentally beneficial products the society may demand (Henriques, 2010, p.17). A company may have its focus only on selling its products and generate revenues. However, in that case, the company may never realize how the money is made. On the other hand, focusing on social and environmental objectives of a firm enable the company to consider its responsibilities sincerely towards the society and the environment that may include increasing employments, having no discriminatory measures within the organizational activities, manufacturing products that are pollution free and hence eco-friendly in nature (Henriques, 2010, p.17). These factors enable a company to more effectively satisfy the needs and expectations of the customers which in turn is bound to positively impact the company’s sales and financial performances. Thus the rationale behind a compan y considering non-financial objectives like social and environment issues is primarily the fact that non-financial objectives enable a company to realize the measures it needs to consider along worth selling of products, to successfully and more satisfactorily fulfill the needs of their customer having concern and facilities for the society as a whole and the environment eventually reflecting desired financial results. b. Marks and Spencer: Reporting of its performances reflecting financial and non-financial objectives: The Marks and Spencer company leading in its market in providing its customers with high quality clothing and home products as well high value for the food products it sells. The... The intention of this study is Marks and Spencer as a brand of retailer group in the United Kingdom leading among several companies. The company provides its customers with clothing and other home products that are superior in quality and provide high value for money to the customers. The company is into the businesses of clothing, home products as well as food. It is also presently known for its environmental friendly activities. The Marks and Spencer company leading in its market in providing its customers with high quality clothing and home products as well high value for the food products it sells. The reporting of the company on its performances reflect that the company not only focuses on selling products and generate revenues, but it also has social and environmental objectives that deal with serving the society and the environment as a whole. As the reporting of the company reflects, the company’s turnover has been recorded to be  £8.7 billion in the last year obtain ed from clothing, home and food products. The clothing and home products have been found to gain sales revenues of  £4.2 billion showing an increase of around 3.9 percent from the previous year. Food products have also reflected increase in sales from the previous year generating revenues of  £4.5 billion from sales. The company has around 700 stores that make the products of the company available to its customers (About M&S, 2011). The above mentioned results reflect the financial performances of the company that has shown highly improved and satisfactory results for the company implying the financial objectives of the company to be successful in its implementation.